Charles Dickens :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, a nineteenth century writer, tells a story about a young boy in England and the adventures that happen to him. In reading the book the reader becomes entwined in the plot by Dickens^Ã’s expert writing and style. Using different scenes and scenarios, Dickens displays his characters' personality in a way the few other writers could. In the book Oliver Twist, Dickens uses different events that happen around Oliver instead letting Oliver decide his own fate. In the book, other characters determine Oliver^Ã’s path in life, and Oliver is the subject around which the story revolves. The accidents in the story give depth to Oliver and add depth to the story that increases elements of mystery and suspense. In the beginning of the book, Mrs. Thingummy is helping Oliver^Ã’s mother give birth to the young child. Mrs. Thingummy takes charge of Oliver^Ã’s life just as he is born by stealing Oliver^Ã’s only link with his father, his mother^Ã’s husband. Stealing the mother^Ã’s ring also commits Oliver to a life of lower social status because of his supposed illegitimacy. Oliver moves to the dark forces in the book when he starts with absolutely nothing from his very birth. The sides of good and evil, light and dark respectively, are also devices used by Dickens to display different sides of the social coin in England. Accidents tie in closely with this device because it is by accident that Oliver transferres to one side or another. After spending time in the dark forces, Oliver then switches back to the light side by a run in with Mr. Brownlow, a compassionate citizen who pities Oliver and later takes care of him. Of all the people that Oliver could run into Mr. Brownlow happens to be one of those people who Oliver desperately needed and who could and would provide for Oliver. In another example of an accident, and a shift back into the dark forces, Oliver happens to make a wrong turn and end up in the hands of a band of crooks who earlier had taken possession of Oliver. By chance the appropriate person was in the alley that Oliver, by chance, walked into when he was passing through the city of London. In the last transition of chance, Oliver is caught breaking and entering into a house that the band of crooks intends to pillage. This house contains another compassionate and tender character that becomes like a mother to Oliver. Luckily, and by chance, the shot that one of the

Process Analysis and Capacity Management Essay

1. Dello is a world-class PC company. Management believes that they understand their products and customers better than any outsourcing company; therefore Dello should provide customer service in-house. Ideally, Dello’s customer service department wants to handle all the customer phone calls. During peak hours, however, Dello receives so many customer calls that they ask an outsourcing company, Telemate, to help handle incoming calls. Dello’s switchboard system is programmed in the following way; A customer calls Dello at its 1-800 number. If there are 14 or less callers in the system waiting to speak with one of the customer service representatives, then the call stays within Dello’s system and the customer inquiry will be answered by a Dello customer service representative. If, on the other hand, there are 15 or more calls waiting within Dello’s system, then the incoming call is forwarded to the outsourcer Telemate, and the call will be answered by a Tel emate agent. Draw the process flowchart for Dello’s customer service call handling process. [pic] 2. Getaway is another computer company known for mass customization. Its secret is to always maintain an inventory of base models, and to offer its customers add-on options. The process is as follows: The first step is receiving the order. After receiving an order, the order is checked for add-ons. If needed, add-ons are added to the base model. (Note that base models are held in inventory). Then the computer is packed, and finally shipped. Draw a process flow diagram for the above process. [pic] If you want to be stricter, you can have triangles for add-on parts inventory and work-in-process between packing and shipping. 3. Kate is managing his company’s production facility. Consider the following production process. Note: some triangles may be intentionally omitted. [pic] Raw materials go through machines A, B, and then C, to produce a final product. Capacity, or service rate, of each machine is as follows: Machine A: 200 units per hour Machine B: 180 units per hour Machine C: 120 units per hour (All these numbers are expressed in terms of units of final product.) a) Identify the bottleneck process. Is it A, B, or C? Explain briefly. Machine C, since it’s the slowest process of all. Kate sincerely believes that she must keep high utilization of machines. Every time she sees an operator idle, therefore, she orders the operator to go back to the machine and continue operating. b) What is she doing wrong? What is the most likely result if she manages the factory this way? She doesn’t seem to understand that the bottleneck process defines throughput of the entire system. In other words, the production facility can process just as fast as the bottleneck. If she tells every operator to produce all the time, most likely result is that she will have unnecessarily large WIP built-up between machines. 4. Eastern Coffee follows the flow chart below to serve its customers. Note that some triangles may be omitted intentionally. It takes a worker two minutes to take order and receive payment, two minutes to prepare coffee, and three minutes to clean equipment. Eastern Coffee has two workers: worker A takes order and prepares coffee, while worker B handles the cleaning. a) On average, 10 customers per hour show up and order coffee. What is the utilization rate of worker A? And what is the utilization rate of worker B? Capacity of worker A: 60/(2+2) = 15 customers/hour Capacity of worker B: 60/3 = 20 customers/hour Utilization of A: 10/15 = 0.666 or 66.6†¦% Utilization of B: 10/20 = 0.5 or 50% b) How many customers can Eastern Coffee serve per hour? From the above, Capacity of Eastern Coffee is 15 customers/hour Western Coffee follows the same flow chart above, and each activity takes the same amount of time as Eastern. Western Coffee also has two workers: worker C only takes order and payment, while worker D handles the coffee preparation and cleaning. c) How many customers can Western Coffee serve per hour? Capacity of worker C: 60/2 = 30 customers/hour Capacity of worker D: 60/(2+3) = 12 customers/hour Capacity of Western Coffee is 12 customers/hour d) The manager of Western Coffee notices that cleaning is not a critical activity in the sense that it can be delayed and be finished when there are fewer customers. Therefore, during the peak hour when many customers come in, workers can focus on serving customers and temporarily ignore the cleaning activity. Then how many customers can Western Coffee serve during the peak hour? Capacity of worker D during the peak hour: 60/2 = 30 customers/hour Capacity of Western Coffee is 30 customers/hour 5. At Spotted Cow Coffee Shop, one cashier can take 30 orders per hour and one skilled worker can prepare 20 orders per hour. Assume that the cashier and the worker are not cross-trained. a. Suppose that there are only one cashier and one worker in Spotted Cow. What is the capacity of Spotted Cow? And which resource is the bottleneck? Explain. The worker is the bottleneck as she pushes the smallest amount of job in an hour. The capacity of Spotted Cow is 20 orders per hour, which is decided by the bottleneck. b. Suppose that Spotted Cow hires one more skilled worker who can also prepare 20 orders per hour. What is the capacity of Spotted Cow? And which resource is the bottleneck? Explain. The cashier is the bottleneck as she can take at most 30 orders per hour. While the two workers can prepare in total 40 orders per hour. The capacity of Spotted Cow is 30 orders per hour, which is decided by the bottleneck. 6. Pavich’s Brick Oven Pizza is known for its speedy delivery time of piping hot pizza. Its secret is to always maintain an inventory of uncooked, assembled, cheese pizzas, and to offer its customers only cheese and pepperoni pizza. If a customer orders a cheese pizza, uncooked cheese pizza goes immediately into the oven. If a customer orders a pepperoni pizza, pepperoni is added to the cheese pizza, and then the pizza is cooked, and finally delivered. Draw the process flowchart diagram for Pavich’s Brick Oven Pizza. In your flowchart, use at least two inverted triangles. [pic] You can of course have an arrow from uncooked cheese pizza inventory to cooking process. 7. Campus Credit Union has 5 representatives, 2 of them specialized in business customers and 3 of them specialized in personal customers. On average, each business customer takes 15 minutes, and each personal customer takes 12 minutes to finish the service. During the 4-5pm rush hour, 10 business customers and 10 personal customers show up. a. Does the Credit Union have enough capacity during the rush hour? Each hour, a representative can serve 60/15=4 business customers and 60/12=5 personal customers. During the rush hour, the capacity for business customers is 4*2=810. The Credit Union will have enough capacity for all the customers. 8. The following flow chart describes a simple burger making process. [pic] One stove is available to cook patties. It can cook patties in 3 minutes and holds 40 patties at one time. On average, it takes 45 seconds for a worker to assemble a burger. There are 12 workers available to assemble. The time it takes to deliver can be omitted. Assume that one burger needs only one patty. a. What is the capacity of the cooking stage? What is the capacity of the assembly stage? What is the capacity of the entire process? The stove can cook 40*60/3 = 800 patties per hour. The workers can assemble 12 * 60 / 0.75 = 960 burgers per hour. The stove is the bottleneck. The capacity of the entire process is 800 burgers per hour. b. Suppose that on average 600 burgers per hour are ordered from customers. What is the utilization rate of the stove? What is the utilization rate of the worker, on average? Utilization rate of the stove: 600 per hour / 800 per hour = 75% Utilization rate of the workers, on average: 600 per hour / 960 per hour = 62.5%. 9. A small medical center would like to determine the capacity requirements for the next month. Currently there are 11 doctors working 8 hours a day and 5 days a week. They provide care for three types of patients: patients come for regular check-ups (type A), patients with minor problems (type B), and patients with serious problems (type C). The management had estimated the number of patients for the next four weeks as follows: | |Weekly numbers of patients | | |Week # 1 |Week # 2 |Week # 3 |Week # 4 | |Type A |250 |50 |100 |500 | |Type B |150 |300 |150 |300 | |Type C |200 |150 |250 |150 | All the doctors can provide care for all types of patients. Type A patients require 15 minutes of care, type B patients require 30 minutes of care, and type C patients require 60 minutes of care. a. What are the average utilization rates of the doctors for each of the next 4 weeks? Requirements in # hours | |Number of hours needed | | |Week # 1 |Week # 2 |Week # 3 |Week # 4 | |Type A |62.5 |12.5 |25 |125 | |Type B |75 |150 |75 |150 | |Type C |200 |150 |250 |150 | |Total |337.5 |312.5 |350 |425 | |Utilizations |76.7% |71.0% |79.5% |96.6% | Total available doctors time = 11*8*5 = 440 hours b. Does this medical center have enough capacity? Yes 10. A clothing company produces 5 types of shirts (A, B, C, D, and E). The final manufacturing steps in the shirt production process are to (a) attach a care label to every shirt, and (b) brand the company’s name on every shirt. The company has one machine for attaching care labels, and one machine for branding. For any shirt type, branding requires 8 minutes of processing on the machine. Due to differences between shirt designs, attaching care labels requires the following shirt-dependent processing times (in minutes): Shirt Type Processing Time A 4 B 10 C 5 D 6 E 8 The demand per day for the different shirt types is: Shirt Type Demand A 20 B 5 C 25 D 10 E 15 Assume each machine is available to work 8 hours per day. Does the company have the capacity to satisfy its demand? Explain your answer fully. The demand for the branding machine is: (20 + 5 + 25+ 10 + 15) * 8 = 600 minutes, or 600/60 = 10 hours. There is not enough capacity on the branding machine to satisfy demand. This machine is a bottleneck resource. The demand for the label attaching machine is: 20 * 4 + 5 * 10 + 25 * 5 + 10 * 6 + 15 * 8 = 435 minutes, or 435 / 60 = 7.25 hours. There is enough capacity on the label attaching machine to satisfy demand. 11. InnovB is a call center company. InnovB has a highly sophisticated switchboard system called Virtual Agent that takes customer calls. There are 20 telephone lines and therefore 20 Virtual Agents. Virtual Agent asks a caller some basic questions such as the caller’s preferred language, account number, etc. On average, a customer spends 3 minutes within Virtual Agent system. Depending on the nature of the transaction and customer’s account history, Virtual Agent puts a call through to either a high-skilled or a low-skilled customer service representative (CSR). Virtual Agent is programmed so that all difficult calls are handled by high-skilled CSRs, and all the easy calls are handled by low-skilled CSRs. It takes, on average, 6 minutes for a high-skilled CSR to process a difficult call, and it takes 4 minutes for a low-skilled CSR to take care of an easy call. There are 15 high-skilled and 20 low-skilled CSRs. At the end of the transaction, both difficult and easy cal ls are transferred to the company’s customer satisfaction survey system. It takes on average 2 minutes to take the survey. Since there are 20 telephone lines, there can be up to 20 callers taking the survey at one time. a. Draw the process flowchart diagram for InnovB. Use at least one inverted triangle. Use only one rectangle for the â€Å"survey† process. Use arrows, not lines. Yes No b. Can InnovB handle 125 difficult calls per hour? Explain. Capacity of Virtual Agent= 20*20 = 400 customers/hr Capacity of high skilled = 10*15 = 150 customers/hr Capacity of low skilled = 15*20 = 300 customers/hr Capacity of survey system = 30*20 = 600 customers/hr Yes, 125 is possible. (125

Martha Stewart Financing an Empire Before and After a Scandal Free Essay Example, 3500 words

According to the research findings, one of the financial problems that Stewart faced in trying to convince Time Warner to invest deeper into her enterprise and to let her company expand under their umbrella was that while Martha Stewart Enterprises was bringing in over 100 million dollars each year, it only had a cash flow of around 3 million dollars. The net worth of Martha Stewart Enterprises was roughly 85 million dollars and despite claims of only having 3 million dollars in cash flow, the company was bringing in a total of around 50 million dollars per year for Time Warner. Stewart and Patrick reportedly went to ten banks, all of whom either denied her or wanted a significant amount of equity from the company, which would put her roughly back into the same position she was in with Time Warner. Stewart had a relatively small contract with K-Mart which paid her 200,000 dollars per year to act as a spokesperson for the company. This arrangement, which had lasted for ten years, was up for renewal and in this Stewart and Patrick saw an opportunity. We will write a custom essay sample on Martha Stewart: Financing an Empire Before and After a Scandal or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Meanwhile, according to Prudhomme, Stewart began a campaign designed to make parting with her a desirable plan for Time Warner. She began to make increasing demands for perks in regards to her position, including benefits such as a chauffeur and a very large clothing allowance. In addition, she demanded that she be entitled to 40% of the equity in Martha Stewart Enterprises. Stewart had been sorely underestimated for her ambitions and her desires to expand. Through negative relationship negotiation with the intent of making her an undesirable partner with Time Warner, she set the stage for the buyout that she intended. Meanwhile, the internet boom was reaching unimaginable heights in its success and Stewart was prepared to launch her enterprises into the virtual world. Stewart negotiated a deal with K-Mart to fund her buy out, along with private funds of her own and that Patrick would contribute to funding the buyout.

Essay on To Each His Own Opinion - 955 Words

To each his own Opinion During the 20th century, America had many challenges and one of the main issues was social discrimination. Although slavery was abolished in the late 19th century, the Negros were still being treated unfairly by the white majority. They were forced to separate themselves from the white society against their will. They had different schools, facilities, and even had to sit in a different section on the buses. However, a few individuals had decided to step up and take action against this racial segregation and through their inspiring speeches and interviews, they created change in the nation. These individuals are none other than Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Even though each man had supported a different†¦show more content†¦Malcolm X was on the opposite side of the spectrum from MLK, but they were still fighting towards a common goal. Not only did the two activists have varying philosophies, the method they chose to achieve that goal was completel y distinct as well. MLK was heavily influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and his methods focused on Non-Violent Resistance. He believed that non-violent resistance was the best method to oppose against a racist and prejudiced social system. On the other side, Malcolm X wanted change. He said that the Negros had to defend their rights no matter what and if the government can’t help them, they have to achieve it by his famous quote, â€Å"by whatever means necessary†. Although there was never any real talk of overthrowing the white majority, his methods surrounded the idea that non-violence would not do anything and the Negros need to take action for there to be change. His philosophy of Black Nationalism believed that the western culture was racist as a whole and the Negros needed to build their â€Å"Black America† of self-dependency for their own freedom and rights. MLK had peaceful methods while Malcolm X took a more extreme approach. However, the focus was still to a chieve equal rights for all races. The Non-Violent Resistance and Black Nationalism methods of fighting prejudice are very opposing and had led MLK and Malcolm X to have conflicting viewpoints. In MLK’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, the main point wasShow MoreRelatedMill: Freedom and Expression Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesclear visual of the type of underwear each woman is wearing. It is the middle of winter and they are just acting like they are hot stuff. Is this acceptable? Should it be acceptable? Maybe a look at Mill’s beliefs can answer these questions. The introduction of the book is crucial to understanding Mill’s arguments and the status of his beliefs. It states the basic structure of his argument and his own key deductions. Mill steps back and defines his idea of civilization. He sees itRead MoreWhat Moral Relativism Are All Moral Opinions True? 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In this paper, I will present Descartes’ findings of instability in philosophy and distaste for the way people learn as his motivation for undertaking this reconstruction of his thoughts, finding a firm and lasting basis for the sciences as his end goal for the reconstruction, and his rules for conducting thought and code of doubt as the way by which heRead MoreThe Man From A Peddler s Family1116 Words   |  5 Pagesto our own opinions. Some of us choose to voice our opinions, while others keep their opinion s to themselves. The relationship between Zhu Yanda (Zhu) and Gao in â€Å"The Man from a Peddler’s family,† shows a very typical disagreement on politics. Not only is this story about politics, there are also hidden themes throughout that are not easily discernable by some. One of those hidden themes is friendship and effects the relationship has on the process of changing one party’s original opinion. 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Mark Twain Essay - 1449 Words

Mark Twain was a pilot, a comic lecturer, a humorist, a short story writer, and a novelist, to name a few of his many accomplishments. On November 30, 1835, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, otherwise known as Mark Twain, became the first man of any importance ever to be born west of the Mississippi River. He has become an icon as the American writer. This is because his way of writing cannot be simulated by Europeans or anyone else, due to the fact that the western setting of America creates a whole new atmosphere and style of writing. Mark Twain is a classic American writer that acquired fame by using satire, writing with single-minded use of words, and by writing the way that most people think and speak. Twain writes with†¦show more content†¦The vernacular portrays the word in the purest sense of its original meaning. The vernacular symbolizes American writing because nobody else on earth would talk in that way besides the early American settlers. An example from Huckleberry Finn is : quot; I reck’n I could eat a hoss. I think I could. How long you ben on de islan’ ?quot; (Twain 46). This style is done by writing without worrying about spelling or context, and rather just writing the way that the speech sounds. This style of writing is uniquely American, because the famous European authors did not write that way since the people of Europe didn’t speak that way. Another example from this book is: quot; Say, who is you? Whar is you? Dog my cats ef I didn’t hear sumf’n.quot; (Twain 5). Europeans had never spoken like this or heard of it before Mark Twain. The vernacular enhances American writing solely because it is uniquely early American. It also gives a face to American writing, distinguishing it from writing in other parts of the world. The vernacular also shows the rural, uneducated portion of America. These are two examples from Tom Sawyer : quot; Can’t, Mars Tom. Ole missis, she tole me I got to go an’ git dis water an’ not stop foolin’ roun’ wid anybody. She say she spec’ Mars Tom gwine to ax me to whitewash, an’ so she tole me to go ‘long an’ ‘tend to my own business - she ‘lowed she’d tend to de whitewashin’quot;Show MoreRelated Mark Twain Essays1018 Words   |  5 Pages Mark Twain, a Racist?Mark Twain was a man that was way ahead of his time. In a time when people were judged on color,Mark Twain grew up in Florida, Missouri (Mandelbrot, Twain). In Missouri and Louisiana combined there were less than one half a million white persons (Chang, Twain p. 21). Which meant the black population was abundant. While growing up Twain had no telegraph, no railroads, no stage lines of any consequence (Twain, www.marktwain.com). Also maps were scarcely ever found. So Twain didn’tRead More Mark Twain Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pages Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction. 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This Memoir displays a detailed account about howRead MoreA Brief Biography of Mark Twain668 Words   |  3 PagesMark Twain was born on November. 30, 1835 in the small town of Florida, MO. Mark’s birth name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. In 1839, the Clemens family moved 35 miles east to the town of Hannibal, in Mississippi. Mark kept to himself and in doors in his early years because of poor health and sickness. That was the case until he became years of age. He recovered from his illness and started playing outside with the rest of the children. Growing up his Father was a judge and worked a lot. He also

Bryan’s hunt Free Essays

Briar’s Hunt Author: Gary Paulsen Protagonist: The protagonist In this story Is Brian himself. He Is about 16 years old. He is a very strong and spirited person. We will write a custom essay sample on Bryan’s hunt or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has many obstacles come his way but his bravery helps him overcome the obstacles. Once he was rescued he decides he wants to pack his bags and go back out the Canadian forest and live for a month or so. Antagonist: Later in the story the bear becomes the antagonist. The bear has killed a family who Brian knows and three of those family members were killed. Brian found out that this was a giant, 500 pound bear who did this. He also knew that on its front right paw it was missing a toenail and that it had giant footsteps. This is how he tracked the bear, which Is one of its weaknesses. Also If Brian can get a clear shot on the bear, then the bear would be dead or at least hurt. Another weakness Is that this bear Is huge so It Is very lazy. Plot: explosion: There Is only one mall character In the book his name Is Brian. Brian was Like on Journey to go find his Indian friend Susan. At the beginning of the book, Brian is walking around the woods. The setting changes maybe a couple times during the book. In some parts of the book he is going down the river in his canoe-The situation Brian is in is that he comes back to the woods. Because he knows he won’t be happy in society. Rising action: In Briar’s Hunt, the rising action occurs as Brian arrives on the island, he finds things out of order. Then he comes across the cabin that was destroyed by the bear. The rising action is the fear brought on by the bear and it makes a sense of fear come to you and wonder is going to happen. It also s the point when the focus of the book changes from finding friends to a life or death survival situation. Climax: Brian follows his Instincts to head north. He finds that they have been attacked by a bear over 500 pounds. He finds the mother and father, along with 3 dogs dead from the bear attack. Brian finds Susan along the shore dragging a canoe. He noticed the scratches and bites on her from the bear. Falling action: Brian and Susan call the authorities. They pick up Susan and take her to her aunt and uncle’s house. Brian sets out to find the bear. The bear was hunting Brian and attacked him, he grabbed two arrows and stuck them in the bear, which later resulted in the bear’s death. Resolution: Brian goes out and starts looking for the bear that killed Suntan’s family and that injured the dog. He goes and sets out like traps to catch the beat. After like hours of waiting he then sees the bear. He goes running after the bear he starts throwing arrows at him. Then he goes face to face with bear and he stabs the bear right in the chest and kills the bear. Setting: The story takes place In the wilderness of Canada. Let takes place near the five lakes. It Is also far, far away from civilization. Conflict: the conflict Is man vs†¦ Nature. Brian vs†¦ The Bear. It pits Brian against the bear that killed his friends, and Is brutal and aggressive. Brian defeats the bear in this conflict with a two arrow shots into the dog begins to lick his face and he realizes that the bear had landed on him. Theme: The theme of the story is in the remote Canadian forest with streams,and rivers,and lakes. He is completely alone with no civilization with 200 miles. He is basically stranded out there for over month with whatever he carried in there off the plane. How to cite Bryan’s hunt, Papers

Subliminal Messages in Advertising free essay sample

Subliminal Messages in Advertising Revision Evelyn J Hoover English 1102 Sec. 06 Debbie Brooks June 29, 2011 Subliminal Messages in Advertising The purpose of advertising is to market products and entice people to purchase what others are selling. According to The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (1974) the definition of advertise is, â€Å"1: inform, notify, 2: to call public attention to esp. (especially) in order to sell† (p. 29). Advertising has been around for many centuries and dates back to the ancient Romans. Ads at that time were nothing like they are today. Their ads were transcribed on walls.Unlike ours that are on televisions, magazines, billboards, and newspapers, to name a few. I read an essay that gave examples of print advertising. There were ads for cars, cigarettes, alcohol beverages, and many more. Some of the pictures in the ads were provocative. The pictures and print messages told a story and that got me thinking. What message was the company was trying to send their consumer demographic? The ads look as though they contain subliminal messages. We will write a custom essay sample on Subliminal Messages in Advertising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Subliminal messages are suggestions that are processed by the subconscious mind without the conscious mind realizing it.This leads me to my next question. Do we have control of our decisions or do subliminal messages in advertising get into our subconscious and contribute to our decision-making? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (1974) defines Subliminal as, â€Å"existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness† (p. 681). We are unaware how the messages are conveyed to us. They are usually hidden in pictures or flashed so quickly across a TV screen our conscious mind cannot even see them. A 1950’s print advertisement for Ballantine Ale is a great example.It shows four women and two men flirting and having drinks. One of the women is tilting her head back laughing, with a drink in her hand, as though she is going to pour it down the front of her. Another woman is sitting on her crossed leg and the bottom of her shoe is in the shape of a penis near her behind. Then there is a man in another room peeping through a small window at them like a peeping tom. The ad reads, American is returning to the genuine in foods, fashions, and tastes. Today’s trend to Ballantine lite Ale fits right into this modern picture.In all the world, no other beverage brewed has such extra excellence brewed into it. And â€Å"Brewers Gold† is one big reason for Ballantine Ale’s deep, rich, genuine flavor. They all ask for ale Ballantine Light Ale! (Christensen, 2010, p. 571). The average person might not read into this ad as I did. However, I did research and conclude there is a sexual innuendo contained in this ad. The purpose is to entice us to believe this is a good product and will satisfy a need. There have been controversies about subliminal advertising throughout the years.I remember when kids flocked to stores to buy the record, â€Å"Another One Bites the Dust,† by Queen. The story was that if someone played the record backwards it would say, â€Å"It’s fun to smoke marijuana. † I never went out and bought the album but I did listen to it on youtube and that is what it said. In 1957 a market researcher, James Vicary, performed the first large scale investigation on the use of subliminal messages. Zimbio. com (2008) states it lasted six weeks and was performed on 45,000 people without their knowledge. During a movie he flashed, â€Å"Eat Popcorn† and â€Å"Drink Coke† every five seconds.It was played at 3/1000’s of a second, too fast for the human eye to recognize. The results were compared to the previous six weeks of sales. It showed sales in â€Å"Coke rose 18. 1% and popcorn sales went up 57%† (realsubliminal, 2008). There are other examples as well to support my findings. Some might have heard that Walt Disney has used subliminal messages for years. In the movie, Lion King the word SEX appears in a cloud of dust. Another example is an ad for a fast food company. It is a picture of a chicken sandwich and in the lettuce is a dollar bill. We are a society of consumers.According to an eBook on marketing (2010), Raymond and Tanner suggest companies target the needs of people. People need to feel safe, secure, and loved. Using messages that include words related to sex, hunger, and well-being among others, entices us to buy products because by doing so it satisfies our need to have these things. Companies that use these and other subliminal messages in their advertising expect their sales to increase. Should the use of subliminal messages be against the law? That has also been a hot topic, and in some parts of the world it is.However, not here in the United States. In conclusion, I have one final question; does the use of subliminal messages in advertising really work to entice us? There have been many studies about the effectiveness of subliminal messages in advertising and many findings. Some say it is just a ploy, in which companies leak information of their subliminal messages so people will study the claim and the company will get cheap advertisement. Some say it always works. Others say subliminal messages in advertising work on certain people, places, and times.