Controlling Carbon emissions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Controlling Carbon outflows - Essay Example Carbon sequestration is a part of CCS (carbon catch and capacity). CCS targets catching carbon dioxide, shipping it to the spot of capacity lastly guaranteeing it is securely put away. Of all the accessible stockpiling alternatives, carbon geosequestration might be the most reasonable. This is on the grounds that the procedure of geosequestration is described by capacity to deal with enormous volumes of gases at extensive stretches of time. The procedure of geosequestration has not been economically demonstrated to be reasonable. In any case, it has been applied in procedures of extraction oil. Carbon dioxide gas is infused into oil repositories. It pushes the oil up because of weight improving the rate at which oil is streaming out. Carbon dioxide stays in the supplies subsequently, it is put away (Metz, B., Davidson, O., Swart, R., and Pan, J. 153). The procedure of carbon sequestration is being researched in a few pieces of the world. Exhibits are being embraced to decide how prot ected and possible this procedure is. The most established exhibition has been activity since 1996 (Goulder. furthermore, Mathai, 36-37). This is the Sleipner venture which store around 1 million tons of carbon dioxide every year. Canada has the biggest venture (Weyburn venture) of carbon sequestration which stores about 1.5 million tons of carbon consistently in its procedure of oil extraction. ... what's more, Mathai, 38). Cost of Carbon Sequestration High costs represent an incredible test to carbon sequestration. It is assessed that a huge amount of carbon dioxide costs in excess of 30 dollars to sequestrate (Grubler, Nakicenovic, and Nordhaus, eds. 112). There are incredible specialized challenges in lessening these costs given current degrees of innovation. There is innovative ability and components of isolating carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Notwithstanding, the capital and expenses of tasks are very high. This is essentially on the grounds that these advances are ideally applied in petroleum derivative ignition. There are is requirement for more innovative work in this field so as to decrease the expenses of carbon sequestration. Expenses of relieving spillages of carbon dioxide structure the ground are likewise extremely high. On the off chance that this gas’ fixation is balanced out at twofold preindustrial levels, a 1% spillage is commensurate to around 850 billi on dollars every year up to 2095 (Kauppi 98).therefore, a spillage of around 1 percent or less represents a terrible exchange of cost to people in the future. Notwithstanding, there is no exact proof that 1 % or less carbon dioxide is spilled from supplies. This further expands the vulnerability of costs implying that the financial weight of carbon sequestration may even be higher than foreseen (Kauppi 105). Potential issues of carbon sequestration There are three principle issues of carbon sequestration. These are; Storage security, increased vitality utilization and absence of enormous scope common sense. Capacity security includes the potential peril of putting away carbon dioxide at extremely high weight levels. Any innovation utilized in infusing carbon dioxide is powerless to human mistakes. Such a blunder would cause loses in property worth millions and thousands of

What factors will be relevant in resolving this dispute and how will Essay

What elements will be pertinent in settling this debate and by what means will they be applied by the court for this situation - Essay Example Obviously, Kev holds responsibility for manor and can appreciate the benefit from it assuming any. Be that as it may, he isn't qualified for sell it or demand Agatha to empty the manor. Likewise, area 12 of the Act expresses that â€Å"beneficiary is qualified for an enthusiasm for ownership in land subject to a trust of land is entitled by reason of his enthusiasm to involve the land†1. Area 14of the Trust of Land and Appointment Trustees Act 1996 determines court’s power in forestalling the removal of property. The law further means that selling the property ought to be â€Å"free of any fair rights† which doesn't have any significant bearing for this situation. Like this case, an ongoing judgment on a contextual analysis of Jones v Kernott (2011) UKSC 53 uncovers the way that the person’s enthusiasm on the property ought to be perceived and satisfied as he has 50:50 offer or possession ashore or property2. Subsequently, for this situation Agatha needs to verify measure of pay if Kev doesn't encounter any profit by the property. No law of the nation could ever keep her from remaining at the house for an incredible remainder. A jury would consistently watch a person’s perspective, intension, and whether it harms any of the accomplices here and there or other. For this situation, Agatha’s want to stay in meandering aimlessly house must be acknowledged, on the grounds that she as the co-proprietor and a matured lady merits thinking about each cause. On the other side, when one considers the interest of Kev, his case doesn't highlight any misfortune he encounters as a result of Agatha’s remain. Since he doesn't have an away from to help the prompt offer of the chateau, his contention would not continue in the official courtroom. TLATA consistently means to guarantee harmony and amicability. Agatha may need to make certain degree of remuneration if Kev demonstrates that he doesn't get any advantages from the chateau. Be that as it may, such cases of Kev ought to have substantial verifications and

How Social Loafing Is Studied in Psychology

How Social Loafing Is Studied in Psychology Theories Social Psychology Print How Social Loafing Is Studied in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 19, 2020 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Blend / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Social loafing describes the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group. Because all members of the group are pooling their effort to achieve a common goal, each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible.?? Example of Social Loafing Imagine that your teacher assigned you to work on a class project with a group of ten other students. If you were working on your own, you would have broken down the assignment into steps and started work right away. Since you are part of a group, however, the social loafing tendency makes it likely that you would put less effort into the project. Instead of assuming responsibility for certain tasks, you might just think that one of the other group members will take care of it. Or in some cases, the other members of your group assume that someone else will take care of their share of the work, and you end up getting stuck doing the entire assignment yourself. Causes If you have ever  worked as part of a group toward a larger goal, then you have undoubtedly experienced this psychological phenomenon first-hand. And if you’ve ever led a group then you have likely felt frustration at the lack of effort that group members sometimes put forth. Why does this sometimes aggravating malingering happen? Psychologists have come up with a few possible explanations.?? Motivation can play an important role in determining whether social loafing takes place. People who are less motivated by a task are more likely to engage in social loafing when they are part of a group.Diffusion of responsibility also contributes to social loafing. When in groups, people tend to feel less personal accountability and may even feel that their individual efforts have little impact on the outcome. It is this same diffusion of responsibility that influences what is known as the bystander effect, or the tendency to be less likely to help a person in trouble when other people are present. Because people assume that their efforts don’t matter and that they are not personally responsible, they also assume that someone else will be the one to take action.Group size also has a serious impact on the effort people put forth in groups. In small groups, people are more likely to feel that their efforts are more important and will, therefore, contribute more. The larger the group , however, the less individual effort people will extend.Expectations also matter when it comes to group performance. If you expect other people to slack off, you probably will as well since you don’t want to get stuck doing all of the work. On the other hand, if you are in a group of high-achievers who seem like they are in control of the group’s efforts, you might also be more likely to kick back and let them handle all the work. Prevention Social loafing can have a serious impact on group performance and efficiency. However, there are some things that can be done to minimize the effects of social loafing. Creating small groups and establishing individual accountability can help. Groups should develop standards and rules, define tasks, assign responsibilities, evaluate personal and collective progress, and highlight the achievements of individual members. By personalizing the group, engaging individuals in certain tasks, and encouraging team loyalty, people will be more likely to give their all when working as part of a group. Ringelmanns Rope-Pulling Experiments A French agricultural engineer named Max Ringelmann conducted one of the earliest experiments on this phenomenon in 1913. In his research, he asked participants to pull on a rope both individually and in groups. What he discovered that when people were part of a group, they made less of an effort to pull the rope than they did when working individually. A group of researchers replicated the experiment in 1974, with a few small changes. The first group was consistent with Ringelmanns original study and contained small groups of participants. The second panel involved using  confederates  and only one real participant in each group. The  confederates  merely pretended to pull the rope. The researchers found that the groups containing all real participants experienced the largest declines in performance, suggested that the losses were linked to motivational factors rather than group coordination problems. A 2005 study found that group size can have a powerful impact on group performance. In the study, half of the groups consisted  of four people while the other half consisted of 8. Some groups were then assigned to a collocated setting in which all of the team members worked together at a table to solve the problem that the experimenters had given them. Other groups were placed in a distributed setting where they worked on the same problem electronically by communicating from separate computers. The researchers found that people extended greater individual effort when they were in smaller groups in both the distributed and collocated situations. When placed in collocated groups, however, people felt greater pressure to look busy even when they were not while those in the distributed groups were less likely to feel such pressure.

Death Denied - 863 Words

Winston Churchill once said, â€Å"I am ready to meet my Maker. Whether my Maker is prepared for the ordeal of meeting me is another matter.† Winston Churchill was a funny man, but he has summed up what the majority of the western culture views about death and meeting your maker. The idea of meeting a â€Å"maker† hasn’t always been the most popular of views on death though. Throughout centuries, globally, humans have been changing their views on the idea of death: what it is and where it takes them. As technologies and cultures change, so do the ideas of death along with it. â€Å"Up until around the sixteenth century death was thought to occur when heartbeat and breathing stopped†(Chapter 55). With increasing knowledge about the body and its†¦show more content†¦Homer helped change this idea of death as a journey by explaining â€Å"dreams and death were part of one’s life and were considered as a gift from the Gods†(Katsouda 31). The idea of death as sleep lasted for almost 2000 years. The philosopher Socrates added on to Homer’s rendition of death by believing that death â€Å"has no sensation for the deceased, resembling sleep with no dreams, or transforms and transacts the soul to another better place†(Katsouda 31). The stoics belief then comes into play by stating that death is the separation of the soul from the body. This view was influenced by the Christian religion which is still influential to this day. Our current views on death have been just add-ons from more and more views about death. â€Å"Phillipe Aries has described five dominant patterns of death in contemporary western societies. They are tame death, death of the self, remote and imminent death, death of the other and the invisible death or death denied†(Chapter 56). People who know that they are dying and are not in denial of that fact are experiencing a â€Å"tame death†. â€Å"those dying in hospices and pa lliative care units are more likely to have a tame death†(Chapter 56). Those who frantically worry about what happens after they die and are faced with eternal judgment are usually experiencing the â€Å"death of self.† The â€Å"death of self† typically includes a reflection of allShow MoreRelatedDementia Patients Denied Rights1622 Words   |  7 Pages Dementia Patients’ Denied Rights: Voluntarily Stopping Eating And Drinking Adrienne Heasty County College of Morris â€Æ' The healthcare system places emphasis on involving patients in their plan care throughout the disease or healing process. Nurses and other members of the healthcare team are responsible to ensure that the competent patient has the right to refuse any medical treatment. 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Homelessness, By John Grisham Essay - 1800 Words

In the landscape of today’s forever changing social environment, one thing there is without a doubt no lack of is controversial contemporary social issues. There are many topics that are considered to be taboo and one thing that has changed is that there is no lack of those that are willing to voice and share their beliefs and ideals on these controversial social topics. One of these topics that has received quite the spotlight recently is that of the levels of poverty and homelessness that plague our social infrastructure today. There are many different thoughts and ideals as to what is the major root cause of this systemic social issues. In Somewhere for Everyone the author John Grisham does not hold back on a very pungent social topic which is that of homelessness. In this story as well as other recent articles about homelessness there are many valid points and concerns for what the future of society may hold if there are no changes in how homelessness is not only viewed but is also looked at to change. In the article published in Newsweek back in February 9, 1998 John Grisham paints a very vivid and thought provoking article about the increasing issue of homelessness in the United States and how action must be taken or this issue will continue to escalate in dramatic fashion. The beginning of the article starts by reliving a time that John Grisham was harassed by a panhandler and how this made him feel. The article then discusses how this was somewhat of a chic issueShow MoreRelatedSomewhere For Everyone By John Grisham Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Grisham â€Å"Somewhere for Everyone†: The Homeless issue in America Homelessness is referred to a person or a group of people without a permanent residence. 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Geography GCSE Welsh board Coursework Free Essays

string(23) " Lake District to see\." My main intension of my coursework is to investigate the effects of tourism, the effects of honey pot settlement and to examine the advantages and disadvantage of tourism in Bowness for instance the effects of tourism in the geographical landscape of Bowness. I am undertaking my coursework on the subject of Bowness in Windermere which is a sprawling tourist town on the showers of Windermere. This is about halfway along the 12 mile length of the lake between Waterhead of the North end, and the lakeside at the South end. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography GCSE Welsh board Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Lake District is the largest and the most popular National park in Britain. Over 14 million people visit the park each year most are attracted by the fine scenery, pretty villages and interesting history. It’s has a pleasant specialist shop experience, with cobbled streets, ample tea rooms and pubs and with Beatrix Potter everywhere. A road ferry service runs across the lake from a point south of Bowness on the eastern side of the lake to Far Sawrey on the western side of the lake. For many years, power-boating and water-skiing have been popular activities on the lake. Windermere is the largest natural lake in England, and is entirely within in the Lake District National Park. It has been one of the country’s most popular places for holidays and summer homes since 1847, when the Kendal and Windermere Railway built a branch line to it. Since ‘mere’ means ‘lake’, referring to Windermere as ‘Lake Windermere’ is tautologous, though common. Windermere railway station offers train and bus connections to the surrounding areas, Manchester, Manchester Airport, and the West Coast Main Line, and is about a fifteen-minute walk from the lakefront. Both Stagecoach and the local council provide frequent connecting buses from Bowness Pier; Stagecoach’s open-top double-decker buses travel through the centre of town and continue to Amble side and Grasmere, while the council’s wheelchair-accessible minibuses run around the edge of town. The area has something to offer visitors at all times of the year, in all seasons. Even in the harsh winter months with its lightly snow-capped fells it offers spectacular scenery and numerous possibilities for the enthusiastic rambler. During the autumn the numerous changes of colour and the russet foliage add a note of romantic excitement in a season conventionally associated with death, decay and dreariness. Almost a third of the land is now owned by the National Trust, whose role it is â€Å"to preserve and enhance the natural beauty of the Lake District and to ensure that people can continue to enjoy the Lake District†. Geography Coursework History of Bowness St Martin church of Bowness was built in 1483. When the church was enlarged the area behind the church is the oldest part of Bowness a delightful web of narrow streets known as lowside. Which gives an idea of what the villages was like before the arrival of the railway. There’s a little branch railway line, built in 1869 to serve the increasing number of tourists and connecting Ulverston to Lakeside on Windermere. This is the last remaining Furness Railway branch line. These days the line only runs from Haverthwaite, stopping at Newby Bridge and ending at Lakeside alongside Lake Windermere and most of the wide selection of diesel and steam trains connect with Windermere Lake Cruises. Bowness-on-Windermere became a civil parish in 1894 at the same time an urban district council was formed for the town. The UDC merged with Windermere UDC in 1905 and the two civil parishes merged in 1974 under the name of Windermere. The civil parish is governed by a town council. St. Martin’s Church the parish church of Windermere, stands on a site which has been a religious foundation for over 1,000 years. The original structure was burnt down and rebuilt in 1484, and restored in 1870. The east window contains 15th century stained glass, depicting red and white stripes and three stars, the arms of John Washington who was an ancestor of George Washington, the first president of America. The geology and topography of the land defined the first use of the locality now known as Bowness. The valley’s first visitors found rich resources and sheltered wintering grounds for cattle. Because of this, the area was inhabited as a ranch in the mid 1890’s. Only the railroad track and twin bridges intruded upon the pastoral landscape until the real estate boom of 1911. Bowness-on-Windermere has more history. It began as a small fishing village and the older character of Bowness-on-Windermere can be seen in the characteristic narrow streets around St Martin’s church. It was the rapid development of Windermere during the latter half of the 19th century that caused Bowness-on-Windermere and Windermere to become almost as one. Together they attract a disproportionate number of holiday makers. The railway changed Bowness completely changed because of the railway people started to visit Bowness and before long it became a huge tourist attraction. People from all over the world come to Bowness. Now Bowness is Britain’s most popular tourist attraction. Geography Coursework Problems of tourism William Wordsworth lamented coming of railway and predicted that the influx of tourists would spoil the natural appeal of the lake. He was right. The railway opened the area up to all and sundry and the centuries old seclusion of the area rapidly came to an end. The 14 million annual visitors to Lake District’s national park are bound to cause problems both for the 42000 local residents and the environment. Some of the worst problems are in the honey pot areas. These are places that attract tourist in a large number and are usually very busy and congested. Almost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 million is spent by visitors to the Lake District every year. Over 42,000 local jobs depend on tourism, and it’s now vital to the local economy. But some people fear too much tourism will destroy the natural beauty people visit the Lake District to see. You read "Geography GCSE Welsh board Coursework" in category "Papers" A honey pot is a particularly popular attraction within a managed tourist area, such as a national park. Examples include Bowness-on-Windermere in the Lake District. Honey pot sites are often encouraged because they concentrate the damage caused by tourists on small sites, making conservation easier in other parts of the managed area. Attempts to manage tourism in the Lake District have become a struggle to reach agreement between a number of different interest groups, including the National Park Authority, environmentalists, the tourism industry and the charitable organization, the National Trust. Tourism is essential to the economy of the Lake District and therefore the standard of living and quality of life of the residents of the region. It is estimated that there are about 12 million visitors to the Lake District per year; of these 10 million are day visitors, whilst 2 million stay overnight or longer. It has been estimated that within Cumbria as a whole 42000 jobs (17% of the work force) are linked to tourism, whilst in the National Park up to 50% of the workforce is employed in tourist related activities. As well as creating direct employment tourism also supports local services, such as the bus and rail network, village shops and public houses. Without tourism many of these services would not survive and the local population would suffer as a whole, as has happened in many rural areas throughout the UK. Whilst tourism brings benefits to the Lake District and the people who live there it also creates problems. In Lake District one of the key problems is traffic congestion and the associated problems of pollution, noise, parking and so on. It is estimated that 89% of the visitors to the Lake District arrive by car and many of these pass through Lake District. The amount of traffic passing through Lake District has steadily increased as shown in Table 1. Problems of tourism Year 1981 1992 1997 1999 Average number of vehicles per day 9600 13500 14600 14700 Tourism brings other problems to the Lake District too; * damage to the natural environments * a lack of affordable housing for local people ( It is estimated that of the nearly 23000 dwellings in the Lake District 15% of the houses are either holiday homes or second homes and in a more recent survey thirty new developments it was found that 62% of the dwellings were occupied by retired people and 11% were holiday homes or second homes) which means many young people have to leave the region to find a place to live * a lack of well paid permanent employment (many jobs in the tourist trade are seasonal and low paid) * a lack of services and facilities for young people and families (schools, libraries and so on) * pollution Lake District has a permanent population of only 2838 people – but this more than doubles in the tourist season. Tourism appears to be essential to the economy and the lives of the people of Lake District – without tourism Lake District would be just another small rural town which was struggling to survive and meet the needs of its population Tourism is both a benefit to and a problem for the people of Lake District and this is what I am going to investigating. But perhaps the biggest problem in the area is the traffic which often chokes the narrow country roads. In the lake-side community of Lake District there has been a long-standing campaign for a bypass to relieve congestion. But environmentalists have blocked the move because of the damage they say it would cause. Other problems are as follows: Traffic Footpath erosion Second homes Conflict Environment damage Pollution All these problems which I have gathered using primary, Secondary and ICT sources are going to be investigated and are going to be backed up by my coursework. Illustration of Lake District This image show the physical structure of Lake District Geography Coursework Questions for Tourist The key questions that need to be researched and answered are: What is quality of life and what factors affect it? Why do people visit Lake District? What effect do these visitors have on Lake District? What are the opinions of local residents and businesses? What impact do visitors have on quality of life in Lake District? All my questions are selected on geographical ideas to interpret my evidence adequately. I asked the tourist and locals if they don’t mind me asking a few question in order to aid my coursework most tourist and locals were happy to help. 1) I asked the tourist what they think about Lake District? â€Å"It is lively and got boats and people are nice here† â€Å"it is lovely very nice here† â€Å"I think bowness is a bit too crowded and too many people† For this question I was hoping to get lots of positive answers as I expected the majority of tourist made positive comments about Lake District. I asked the tourist this question to find out what are the attractions of Bowness. I decided to use a pie chart which will show my results in a clear format. Questions for Tourist 2) What do you think are the effects on the local people because of tourism? â€Å"Yes because of the traffic† â€Å"They are making money† â€Å"Yes too crowded and traffic† â€Å"They lost their home† For this question I was expecting the tourist to address the problems of tourism as I expected the majority of tourist addressed the issue. I asked the tourist this question to find out if they know about the effects of tourism. I decided to use a graph which will demonstrate my results in a clear layout. Questions for Tourist 3) How do you think the traffic affects the tourist coming here to Bowness? â€Å"Traffic really bad in mini bus† â€Å"No the traffic is not a problem† â€Å"The traffic is getting worse every time† For this question I was expecting the tourist to address the problems of traffic as I anticipated the preponderance of tourist addressed the issue. I asked the tourist this question to find out what are the attractions of Bowness I decided to use a bar chart which will display my results in a understandable design. Questions for Tourist 4) What age group are you in? 18 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50 to 60, 60 to 70 18 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50 to 60, 60 to 70 18 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50 to 60, 60 to 70 18 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50 to 60, 60 to 70 For this question I was expecting most of the tourist to be aged well over 40 as I anticipated the prevalence of tourist was well over 40 of age. I asked the tourist this question to find out what age group visits Bowness. I decided to use a doughnut chart which will display my results in an understandable design. Questions for Tourist 5) What category do you think your salary is in the end of each month? 1500 to 3000, 3000 to 5500, 5500 to 6500 to 7500 1500 to 3000, 3000 to 5500, 5500 to 6500 to 7500 1500 to 3000, 3000 to 5500, 5500 to 6500 to 7500 1500 to 3000, 3000 to 5500, 5500 to 6500 to 7500 For this question I was hoping most of the tourists to be earning 1500 to 3000 as I anticipated the prevalence of tourist are earning 1500 to 3000. I asked the tourist this question to find out what part of the society they come from. I decided not to use any method to display my results for this question because it seems so obvious. 6) What is your occupation? â€Å"Photographer retired† â€Å"Retired Coach Driver† â€Å"Caretaker in youth club† â€Å"Retired Nurse† For this question I had no idea about the occupation, I decided not to use any method to display my results for this question because it seems appropriate. Questions for Tourist 7) What would you change about Lake District? â€Å"Wouldn’t change a thing† â€Å"Loves it as it is† â€Å"I would change the traffic† â€Å"I would change the number of people† â€Å"Change the number of Mini bus† For this question I was expecting the tourist to address the problems of traffic and pollution as I anticipated the preponderance of tourist addressed the issue. I asked the tourist this question to find out what problems tourists face in Bowness. I decided to use a pie chart which will display my results in a understandable design. Questions for Locals The key questions that need to be researched and answered are: What is quality of life and what factors affect it? Why do people visit Lake District? What effect do these visitors have on Lake District? What are the opinions of local residents and businesses? What impact do visitors have on quality of life in Lake District? All my questions are selected on geographical ideas to interpret my evidence adequately. I asked the tourist and locals if they don’t mind me asking a few question in order to aid my coursework most tourist and locals were happy to help. 1) How long have you lived in Bowness? â€Å"4 years† â€Å"Born here† â€Å"3 years† â€Å"6 years† How to cite Geography GCSE Welsh board Coursework, Papers

Marketing Stragety free essay sample

In this project, I have compared the analysis, existing marketing strategies and recommend the future strategy for both products which Cobra Beer and Kingfisher Beer. The aim of this report is to compare both of the products in the UK market and to get the future forecast that where both of the products have place in the market. The reason I have chosen those products is just because I am working for Cobra Beer head office and I wasn’t difficult for me to get the information for the company’s product I am working for. As far Kingfisher Beer is concern, I have really put my efforts searching for there marketing analysis and their strategies. For that I have consult many website and read plenty of articles related to Kingfisher Beer. I have also interviewed ex employee from Kingfisher Beer, who really had helped me a lot giving the facts and figure of current Kingfisher Beer market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Stragety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And in the end I had also give the trend comparing among those products and their current market shares not only in UK’s market but also in different countries. Introduction: Cobra Beer: Cobra Beer Ltd. was founded in 1989 by Karan Bilimoria, then aged 27 and ? 0,000 in debt. A Cambridge law graduate and qualified Chartered Accountant, Bilimoria launched Cobra Beer when it became clear to him that Britain needed a smoother, less gassy lager that appealed to both ale drinkers and lager drinkers alike, and also complement all types of cuisines. I saw that the market was dominated by harsh, gassy Euro fizz beers, all poor partners to food and so I wanted to produce a premium, high quality lager which would complement rather than fight against food. Cobra 5. 0% Premium Beer is brewed to an authentic Indian recipe using the finest natural ingredients. A unique blend of barley malt and yeast with maize, hops and rice gives Cobra it’s distinctive, clean and extra smooth taste. The 660ml bottles are great for sharing with friends at the dining table, which is ideal as Cobra makes an excellent accompaniment to all cuisines. Kingfisher: The inspiration for the choice of brand name was certainly influenced by the great numbers of these beautiful and strikingly coloured birds which abound in India where over 70 different varieties/species of kingfisher can be found more than in any other country or continent in the world. Kingfishers are particularly prevalent in Bangalore, the garden city of India, which is also headquarters to The United Breweries Group, brand owners of Kingfisher Lager. The new distinctive Kingfisher brand logo incorporates a visual of an Indian Kingfisher. From modest beginnings where Kingfisher Lagers distribution was somewhat confined to Southern India, it has grown to become Indias leading brand of premium lager with share now approaching 36% of the total beer market. The brand is owned by the UB Group of India, a multi-divisional conglomerate operating in over 20 countries across Europe, North America, the Caribbean, the Middle East and Far East. UB Group activities include pharmaceuticals, engineering,fertilisers and information technology, but its traditional and core business is in the drinks sector where beer and spirits divisions dominate the market with famous lager brands such as Kingfisher, UB Export and Kalyani and numerous category leaders under the Mc Dowell and Herbertson spirits brands. Situation analysis: Cobra Beer Cobra beer is only 14 years old brand but still it’s managed to capture market place. Cobra beer is selling in almost 6000 Indian restaurants, 5000 pubs, bars and clubs and exported to 30 countries with having turnover of ? 65m. Apart from that, cobra beer has also won awards Monde Selection Brussels – World Selection Quality Awards. 2005 – 2 Grand Gold Medals and 9 Gold Medals. Cobra beer is also the only beer brand to have associated itself exclusively wit safe-flo, manufacturers of anti-spiking devices. The company provides these anti spiking caps to universities and bars that display an interest in protecting their clientele from dangers of spiking. Market Demographics The profile for Cobra Beer consists of the following geographic, demographic and behaviour factors: Demographics †¢Male and female. †¢Ages 25-65 †¢Those who drink beer when in a bar or restaurant SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing the Cobra Beer. 2. 2. Strengths †¢Cobra beer is a complete Indian beer, which means that it accompanies Indian spicy food and it’s less gassy. †¢It is double filtered for an extra smooth taste. †¢ Marketing strategy of Cobra Beer is best as compared to it competitor. 2. 2. 2 Weaknesses †¢Cobra Beer is the growing brand in the market because it is just 16 years old company. †¢Prices for Cobra Beer are bit high as compared with the competitor brand Kingfisher Premium Beer. †¢There are still many people who are unaware of the brand Cobra Beer. 2. 2. 3 Opportunities A growing market with a significant percentage of the of the target market still unaware of the Cobra Beer. †¢Increasing sales opportunities as people become familiar with the advantages of the structured conversation system. †¢The ability to lower variable costs through efficiency gains. 2. 2. 4 Threats †¢Competition from taverns. †¢Competition from other sources of singles meeting events. †¢A slump in the economy which will decrease discretionary spending. Kingfisher Premium Beer Kingfisher all began with 5 breweries in South India. The oldest of which, Castle Breweries, dated back to 1857. United Breweries, as these breweries were named in 1915 has come a very long way. Soon afterwards, the sight of bullock carts carrying huge barrels or Hogs heads containing beer became a household sight. These carts wheeled their way to the customers, including British troops, living in and around Madras, Bangalore and the Nilgiris. Almost immediately, the brew from UB became a favourite, especially with the British troops. So began the history of Beer in India. And the history of Beer Division of United Breweries! The company was bought by late Mr. Vittal Mallya in 1947, and since then has never looked back. Today each one of the 32,000 Beer outlets in India sells one brand or the other from United Breweries. Market Demographics The profile for Kingfisher Premium Beer consists of the following geographic, demographic and behaviour factors: Demographics †¢Male and female. †¢Ages 25-65 †¢Those who drink beer when in a bar or restaurant SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing the Kingfisher Premium Beer. 2. 2. 1 Strengths Kingfisher Premium Beer is one of the oldest beer brand as it got the biggest market shares in Indian restaurant. †¢People are aware of kingfisher worldwide. It is a hit in Caribbean, India and other part of the world. He, however, said that the company would have to start selling around 3 million cases per year to set up such a project. He said the company is in talks with a contract brewer each in the north, south and eastern parts of the country for sourcing beer. To get to 1. 5 million cases in another couple of years, we will need at least three more brewers, he said. Cobra Beer has so far invested around $10 million in its Indian operations. The company has a tie-up with a contract brewer, Mount Shivalik in Rajasthan. The company currently sells over 2 lakh cases of beer every year. It also plans to launch a strong beer, King Cobra, in India soon. We have already launched it in Europe and it is seeing good sales, he said. According to a press statement from the company, Cobra Beer is one of the fastest growing beer brands in the UK. Cobra is exported to over 40 countries and its current retail turnover is around $151 million. Cobra’s success is founded on its targeting of a niche market — the Indian restaurant market — which the big breweries had failed to exploit. Bilimoria had complete faith in his product and despite feeling demoralised at times during the early years of the enterprise, he never gave up, even managing to turn threats into opportunities. Cobra has also adopted a strategy of market development. For example, it has agreed a deal to sell Cobra Beer on Virgin Airline flights between London and Delhi. There is little risk involved in such a move, either in terms of the finance required to get started or in terms of its likely popularity with travellers. But it is an important deal as part of its plans to break into the Indian beer market. Cobra has widened its distribution by selling in over 30 countries around the world. In 2004, it made its debut in the USA, although it has had to trade under a different brand name due to a trademark dispute. Cobra has also started producing and selling beer in India. At the moment, the average Indian drinks one litre of beer per year, compared to 100 litres per year in Britain. Data from the drinks analysis firm Canadean shows the growth of beer consumption in India. However, this is a riskier example of market development for Cobra. Drinking beer is also frowned upon in much of India, with high tariffs on imports, a severe licensing regime and a number of different regulations at state level. For example, in Delhi, advertising is restricted, while in Gujarat alcohol is banned altogether. Taxation on beer consumption can be as high as 60% of the cost of production. Yet, despite all these potential drawbacks, Canadean believes the beer market can overcome these difficulties and predicts that sales growth will continue. Cobra Beer recognises the importance of gaining a foothold in this market and establishing brand loyalty while the market is growing. Kingfisher Premium Beer Kingfisher Premium Beer started with five small breweries in South India, the oldest of which Castle Breweries dated back to 1857. Then in 1915, Thomas Leishman, a Scotsman, combined these breweries to form United Breweries Ltd. The popularity of their beers soon spread and within a short time, bullock carts carrying huge hogsheads of Kingfisher became a familiar sight in Madras, the Nilgiris and Bangalore, the headquarters of United Breweries Ltd. Today, 19 breweries operating to capacity supply the ever-increasing demand for United Breweries range of beers in India. Kingfisher, the flagship brand of United Breweries and the best-selling Indian Lager worldwide, is now available in over 52 countries and is exported from the UK to Europe and North America and from India to major markets in the Middle East, South East Asia, the Far East and Australasia, and it is also served on board 6 international airlines. Kingfisher was first imported from Bangalore in to the UK in 1982 in the traditional large 650ml bottles. It rapidly gained a foothold in the fast expanding Indian Restaurant market and within three years, demand for the brand was so great that production had to be switched to England. Shepherd Neame, Britains oldest brewer, was selected to brew Kingfisher under licence and to the Indian specification at their brewery in Faversham, Kent. In 1989, a further step was taken to maximise the brands potential when UBSN Ltd, a joint venture between United Breweries and Shepherd Neame was formed to combine the experience and expertise of the two brewers. Apart from the 19 breweries in India and UBSN in Faversham, Kent, Kingfisher is also brewed at Mendocino Breweries Saratoga Springs site in New York State, USA. The UK operation is the supply centre for exports to Canada and 19 Continental European markets. Since then, sales in the UK have soared and Kingfisher is now the No. 1 selling Indian Lager in the UK and also in Indian Restaurants where it is sold in more than 7000 licensed outlets. It is available in both draught and bottles, and the brand is scoring increasing success in the UK take home sector with listings in almost all major supermarkets chains. The Kingfisher family continued to lead the industry with sales of 18. 5 million cases of Kingfisher Premium Lager representing a growth of 8% over the previous year and 7. 7 million case of Kingfisher Strong were sold during the year, an increase of 39%. Almost one of every 3 beers consumed in the country during the year was a Kingfisher. Net sales for the year under review stood at Rs 4,050 million representing a growth of 11% over a comparable figure in the full previous year of brewing operations. Recommendation: Cobra Beer Cobra beer has the best marketing strategy as compared to it competitors, recently Cobra beer launches it’s biggest ever TV Ad campaign which worth ? 10m ‘Unusual Thing, Excellence’. Heavyweight through-the-line campaign targeting discerning 25 – 34 year old lager drinkers. Cobra Beer has its goal which is to be a ? m company and for that they have to make sure that they are competing with the beer giant which is Kingfisher. But they have to make sure that future strategy should remain with their main product which is Cobra Beer, as there are some problem occurring due to the prices, as they have recently launched their beer in the mainstream, on and off trade market which eventually has raising their turnover but their big problem is prices, as their competitor kingfisher are selling their product much cheaper than that of Cobra, as for both of the companies Indian restaurants market is the main market for them in UK. The latest Cobra Beer Ad campaign is fabulous and it has helped them a lot boosting their sales and at the same time, it has giving a brand awareness among the people because Cobra’s Ad is running on most of the TV channels, apart from other promotional things are really helping them achieving their target. Entrepreneurial spirit, passion, and the ability to create an environment where people can come up with ideas and implement them quickly, is the way to succeed against more established, bigger players. Creating an atmosphere of trust, respect and flexibility enables ideas and innovation to flourish – resulting in rapid growth and constant new product development. Kingfisher Premium Beer: Kingfisher Premium Beer is the UK’s oldest Indian beer, but it rival which is mainly Cobra Beer is currently capturing the most of the market in UK. I would recommend that there a penalty of improvement needs to be in their marketing campaign. First of all, last the TV Ad campaign wasn’t successful at all just because of the story line which wasn’t good as all. Here the image of their previous Ad campaign. This Ad campaign actually telling a story that kingfisher is such a powerful beer that you simply go blank and you don’t know what are you doing and despite of that it is the no. 1 Indian lager, though this advertisement campaign caused the serious damaged to that market and there was a lot of critics on this advertisement. The other thing is the prices, kingfisher has lowered there prices in UK just to compete with there rivals which is mainly Cobra beer and due to which the profit wasn’t good at all for the UK market. I would recommend them to restrict with their mission, which is; †¢To be the recognized leader in our target markets †¢To be the preferred employer wherever we operate †¢To recognize the value of our human assets †¢To be the partner of choice for customers, suppliers, and other creators of innovative concepts Here is the Google trend comparing Kingfisher Premium Beer with Cobra Beer in the UK market as well as market other than UK. Here is a quick summary of what the results showed: †¢Cobra Beer leading in the UK and South Africa. †¢Kingfisher Beer is VERY dominant in India. †¢In the US and Canada its pretty much head to head between. Marketing Stragety free essay sample In this project, I have compared the analysis, existing marketing strategies and recommend the future strategy for both products which Cobra Beer and Kingfisher Beer. The aim of this report is to compare both of the products in the UK market and to get the future forecast that where both of the products have place in the market. The reason I have chosen those products is just because I am working for Cobra Beer head office and I wasn’t difficult for me to get the information for the company’s product I am working for. As far Kingfisher Beer is concern, I have really put my efforts searching for there marketing analysis and their strategies. For that I have consult many website and read plenty of articles related to Kingfisher Beer. I have also interviewed ex employee from Kingfisher Beer, who really had helped me a lot giving the facts and figure of current Kingfisher Beer market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Stragety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And in the end I had also give the trend comparing among those products and their current market shares not only in UK’s market but also in different countries. Introduction: Cobra Beer: Cobra Beer Ltd. was founded in 1989 by Karan Bilimoria, then aged 27 and ? 0,000 in debt. A Cambridge law graduate and qualified Chartered Accountant, Bilimoria launched Cobra Beer when it became clear to him that Britain needed a smoother, less gassy lager that appealed to both ale drinkers and lager drinkers alike, and also complement all types of cuisines. I saw that the market was dominated by harsh, gassy Euro fizz beers, all poor partners to food and so I wanted to produce a premium, high quality lager which would complement rather than fight against food. Cobra 5. 0% Premium Beer is brewed to an authentic Indian recipe using the finest natural ingredients. A unique blend of barley malt and yeast with maize, hops and rice gives Cobra it’s distinctive, clean and extra smooth taste. The 660ml bottles are great for sharing with friends at the dining table, which is ideal as Cobra makes an excellent accompaniment to all cuisines. Kingfisher: The inspiration for the choice of brand name was certainly influenced by the great numbers of these beautiful and strikingly coloured birds which abound in India where over 70 different varieties/species of kingfisher can be found more than in any other country or continent in the world. Kingfishers are particularly prevalent in Bangalore, the garden city of India, which is also headquarters to The United Breweries Group, brand owners of Kingfisher Lager. The new distinctive Kingfisher brand logo incorporates a visual of an Indian Kingfisher. From modest beginnings where Kingfisher Lagers distribution was somewhat confined to Southern India, it has grown to become Indias leading brand of premium lager with share now approaching 36% of the total beer market. The brand is owned by the UB Group of India, a multi-divisional conglomerate operating in over 20 countries across Europe, North America, the Caribbean, the Middle East and Far East. UB Group activities include pharmaceuticals, engineering,fertilisers and information technology, but its traditional and core business is in the drinks sector where beer and spirits divisions dominate the market with famous lager brands such as Kingfisher, UB Export and Kalyani and numerous category leaders under the Mc Dowell and Herbertson spirits brands. Situation analysis: Cobra Beer Cobra beer is only 14 years old brand but still it’s managed to capture market place. Cobra beer is selling in almost 6000 Indian restaurants, 5000 pubs, bars and clubs and exported to 30 countries with having turnover of ? 65m. Apart from that, cobra beer has also won awards Monde Selection Brussels – World Selection Quality Awards. 2005 – 2 Grand Gold Medals and 9 Gold Medals. Cobra beer is also the only beer brand to have associated itself exclusively wit safe-flo, manufacturers of anti-spiking devices. The company provides these anti spiking caps to universities and bars that display an interest in protecting their clientele from dangers of spiking. Market Demographics The profile for Cobra Beer consists of the following geographic, demographic and behaviour factors: Demographics †¢Male and female. †¢Ages 25-65 †¢Those who drink beer when in a bar or restaurant SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing the Cobra Beer. 2. 2. Strengths †¢Cobra beer is a complete Indian beer, which means that it accompanies Indian spicy food and it’s less gassy. †¢It is double filtered for an extra smooth taste. †¢Marketing strategy of Cobra Beer is best as compared to it competitor. 2. 2. 2 Weaknesses †¢Cobra Beer is the growing brand in the market because it is just 16 years old company. †¢ Prices for Cobra Beer are bit high as compared with the competitor brand Kingfisher Premium Beer. †¢There are still many people who are unaware of the brand Cobra Beer. 2. 2. 3 Opportunities A growing market with a significant percentage of the of the target market still unaware of the Cobra Beer. †¢Increasing sales opportunities as people become familiar with the advantages of the structured conversation system. †¢The ability to lower variable costs through efficiency gains. 2. 2. 4 Threats †¢Competition from taverns. †¢Competition from other sources of singles meeting events. †¢A slump in the economy which will decrease discretionary spending. Kingfisher Premium Beer Kingfisher all began with 5 breweries in South India. The oldest of which, Castle Breweries, dated back to 1857. United Breweries, as these breweries were named in 1915 has come a very long way. Soon afterwards, the sight of bullock carts carrying huge barrels or Hogs heads containing beer became a household sight. These carts wheeled their way to the customers, including British troops, living in and around Madras, Bangalore and the Nilgiris. Almost immediately, the brew from UB became a favourite, especially with the British troops. So began the history of Beer in India. And the history of Beer Division of United Breweries!